(English_(Nonnative)_MFA_dictionary_v3_1_0)= # English (Nonnative) MFA dictionary v3.1.0 ``````{dictionary} English (Nonnative) MFA dictionary v3.1.0 :id: "English (Nonnative) MFA dictionary v3_1_0" :tags: English;MFA;IPA :language: "English" :dialect: Nonnative :layout: mfa :template: dictionary_template :phoneset: "MFA" :license: "CC BY 4.0" ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/nonnative_mfa/v3.1.0/README.md :start-after: "## Dictionary details" :end-before: "## Installation" ``` `````` ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/nonnative_mfa/v3.1.0/README.md :start-after: "new)." ``` ## IPA Charts ### Consonants Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered * - Manner - Labial - Labiodental - Dental - Alveolar - Alveopalatal - Retroflex - Palatal - Velar - Glottal * - {manner}`Nasal` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * m * Occurrences: 6025 * Examples * mile: [m aj l] * sum: [s ɐ m] * sham: [ʃ a m] * name: [n e m] * mʲ * Occurrences: 1142 * Examples * mini: [mʲ i ɲ i] * mills: [mʲ ɪ l z] * semi: [s ɛ mʲ i] * amino: [a mʲ iː n o] * m̩ * Occurrences: 1 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɱ * Occurrences: 3 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * n * Occurrences: 13257 * Examples * nara: [n ɑː ɹ ə] * sandy: [s a n dʲ i] * inch: [i n tʃ] * monte: [m ɒ n tʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɲ * Occurrences: 2126 * Examples * nina: [ɲ iː n a] * nitty: [ɲ i tʲ i] * linen: [ʎ i ɲ ɛ n] * nicks: [ɲ i k s] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ŋ * Occurrences: 2614 * Examples * yong: [j ɑ ŋ] * along: [a l ɔ ŋ ɡ] * link: [ʎ i ŋ k] * ping: [p ɪ ŋ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Stop` {submanner}`Plain` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * p * Occurrences: 5497 * Examples * pick: [p ɪ k] * clasp: [c ʎ æ s p] * jumps: [dʒ ɐ m p s] * caps: [cʰ æ p s] * pʲ * Occurrences: 206 * Examples * speak: [s pʲ i k] * bumpy: [b ɐ m pʲ i] * speed: [s pʲ iː d] * wasps: [ʋ ɒ s pʲ i ɛ s] * pʷ * Occurrences: 3 * Examples * voiced * b * Occurrences: 3764 * Examples * grabs: [ɡ ɹ a b z] * bound: [b aw n d] * borax: [b ɒ ɹ a k s] * boyd: [b ɔj d] * bʲ * Occurrences: 599 * Examples * biggs: [bʲ i ɡ z] * usb: [j ʉː ɛ s bʲ ɪ] * beet: [bʲ iː t] * pubic: [pʲ uː bʲ i k] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t̪ * Occurrences: 532 * Examples * smith: [s mʲ i t̪] * broth: [b ɹ ɒ t̪] * frith: [f ɹ ɪ t̪] * theo: [t̪ iː oː] * voiced * d̪ * Occurrences: 133 * Examples * then: [d̪ ə n] * lathe: [l eː d̪] * paths: [p ɑː d̪ s] * than: [d̪ a n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * t * Occurrences: 6558 * Examples * notes: [n əw t s] * vomit: [v ɑ mʲ ɪ t] * mint: [mʲ i n t] * adult: [a d ɐ ɫ t] * tʲ * Occurrences: 2046 * Examples * stena: [s tʲ iː n ə] * tnt: [tʲ iː ɛ n tʲ iː] * steal: [s tʲ iː ɫ] * deity: [d e i tʲ i] * tʷ * Occurrences: 37 * Examples * tweet: [tʷ iː t] * twig: [tʷ ɪ ɡ] * twist: [tʷ i s] * voiced * d * Occurrences: 6108 * Examples * dummy: [d ɐ mʲ i] * finds: [f aj n d z] * lied: [l aj d] * fond: [f ɑ n d] * dʲ * Occurrences: 1558 * Examples * dig: [dʲ i dʒ] * video: [v ɪ dʲ i əw] * bandy: [b a n dʲ i] * ideal: [aj dʲ i a ɹ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʈ * Occurrences: 3849 * Examples * pit: [p ɪ ʈ] * taffy: [ʈ a fʲ i] * tec: [ʈ ɛ k] * table: [ʈ eː b ə ɹ] * ʈʲ * Occurrences: 745 * Examples * putin: [p ʉː ʈʲ ɪ n] * piety: [p aj ɪ ʈʲ i] * ponte: [p ɒ n ʈʲ i] * putty: [p ə ʈʲ i] * ʈʷ * Occurrences: 4 * Examples * voiced * ɖ * Occurrences: 1423 * Examples * woody: [ʋ ʊ ɖ i] * world: [ʋ ɜː ɹ ɖ] * weird: [ʋ ɪ ə ɖ] * panda: [p a n ɖ ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * c * Occurrences: 2035 * Examples * kids: [c i ɖ s] * keras: [c ɛ ɹ ə z] * kyoto: [c j oː ʈ oː] * pekin: [p eː c ɪ n] * cʷ * Occurrences: 139 * Examples * quint: [cʷ i n t] * queer: [cʷ i a] * quiz: [cʷ i z] * quill: [cʷ ɪ l] * voiced * ɟ * Occurrences: 499 * Examples * enugu: [ɛ ɲ ə ɟ ʉː] * ugly: [ɐ ɟ ɹ i] * gills: [ɟ ɪ l z] * grim: [ɟ ɹ i m] * ɟʷ * Occurrences: 29 * Examples * gwynn: [ɟʷ ɪ n] * gwen: [ɟʷ ɛ n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * k * Occurrences: 6831 * Examples * cards: [k ɑː ɖ z] * perks: [p ɑː k s] * erich: [ɛ ɹ ɪ k] * erik: [ɛ ɹ ɪ k] * kʷ * Occurrences: 161 * Examples * squat: [s kʷ ɑ t] * choir: [kʷ aj a] * quiet: [kʷ aj i t] * quasi: [kʷ ɑ s i] * voiced * ɡ * Occurrences: 2457 * Examples * rug: [ɹ ɐ ɡ] * pig: [p ɪ ɡ] * goods: [ɡ ʊ d s] * gaby: [ɡ a bʲ i] * ɡʷ * Occurrences: 21 * Examples * guam: [ɡʷ a m] * magua: [m ɑ ɡʷ ɑ] * guo: [ɡʷ əw] * guano: [ɡʷ a n o] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʔ * Occurrences: 3 * Examples * often: [ɒ f ʔ ə n] ``` * - {submanner}`Aspirated` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * pʰ * Occurrences: 281 * Examples * epoxy: [ɛ pʰ ɑ k s i] * plc: [pʰ iː ɛ ɫ s iː] * appel: [a pʰ ɛ ɫ] * japan: [dʒ a pʰ a n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tʰ * Occurrences: 539 * Examples * moto: [m əw tʰ əw] * atari: [a tʰ a ɹ i] * mateo: [m a tʰ e o] * cacti: [cʰ æ k tʰ aj] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * cʰ * Occurrences: 652 * Examples * kylie: [cʰ aj ʎ i] * camel: [cʰ æ m ə ɫ] * kyle: [cʰ aj ɫ] * camps: [cʰ æ m p s] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * kʰ * Occurrences: 261 * Examples * cours: [kʰ ɒ ɹ z] * decoy: [d ɛ kʰ ɔj] * loco: [l əw kʰ əw] * coote: [kʰ ʉː t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Affricate` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * tʃ * Occurrences: 1285 * Examples * chew: [tʃ i ʊ] * chola: [tʃ ow l ə] * trust: [tʃ ɹ ɐ s t] * hitch: [ç i tʃ] * voiced * dʒ * Occurrences: 1819 * Examples * jays: [dʒ e z] * kenji: [c ɛ n dʒ i] * jury: [dʒ u ɹ i] * jeter: [dʒ i t ɚ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Sibilant` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * s * Occurrences: 13725 * Examples * also: [ɒ ɹ s ow] * aunts: [ɑː n t s] * stiff: [s tʲ i f] * small: [s m ɒ ɫ] * voiced * z * Occurrences: 6069 * Examples * bases: [b e s iː z] * sells: [s ɛ l z] * vines: [v aj n z] * forms: [f ɒ ɹ m z] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ʃ * Occurrences: 2725 * Examples * flash: [f l a ʃ] * she's: [ʃ ɛ z] * chico: [ʃ iː k ow] * vinci: [v ɪ n ʃ i] * voiced * ʒ * Occurrences: 95 * Examples * azul: [a ʒ ɒː l] * yonge: [j ɒ n ʒ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Fricative` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * f * Occurrences: 2851 * Examples * fires: [f aj ə z] * serif: [s ɛ ɹ a f] * flag: [f l a ɡ] * faces: [f e s ɛ s] * fʲ * Occurrences: 753 * Examples * feces: [fʲ iː s iː z] * film: [fʲ ɪ l m] * feeds: [fʲ iː d z] * fees: [fʲ iː z] * voiced * v * Occurrences: 2134 * Examples * rive: [ɹ aj v] * leave: [ʎ i v] * vein: [v e n] * hove: [h əw v] * vʲ * Occurrences: 149 * Examples * gravy: [ɡ ɹ e vʲ i] * dvd: [dʲ iː vʲ iː dʲ iː] * vin: [vʲ ɪ n] * davey: [d e vʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * θ * Occurrences: 208 * Examples * faith: [f e θ] * firth: [f aː θ] * cathy: [cʰ æ θ i] * mirth: [m aː θ] * voiced * ð * Occurrences: 123 * Examples * those: [ð əw z] * oaths: [əw ð z] * the: [ð a] * dhabi: [ð a bʲ i] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * ç * Occurrences: 372 * Examples * hero: [ç ɪ ɹ əw] * humor: [ç uː m ɔ] * whom: [ç ʉː m] * hecla: [ç ɪ k l ə] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * voiceless * h * Occurrences: 1325 * Examples * mahan: [m ə h ɑː n] * harms: [h ɑ ɹ m z] * rahul: [ɹ ɑː h ʉː l] * hai: [h aj] ``` * - {manner}`Approximant` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * w * Occurrences: 309 * Examples * irwin: [ɝ w ɪ n] * away: [a w e] * dwell: [d w ɛ ɫ] * nowak: [n əw w a k] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ʋ * Occurrences: 1926 * Examples * wilma: [ʋ ɪ l m ə] * woods: [ʋ ʊ ɖ z] * walt: [ʋ ɒː l ʈ] * one's: [ʋ ə n s] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɹ * Occurrences: 12188 * Examples * learn: [ɹ aː n] * rank: [ɹ a ŋ k] * probe: [p ɹ əw b] * fries: [f ɹ aj s] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * j * Occurrences: 461 * Examples * used: [j uː s] * yoko: [j əw kʰ əw] * usual: [j uː ʃ] * yun: [j ɐ n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Tap` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ɾ * Occurrences: 122 * Examples ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - {manner}`Lateral` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * l * Occurrences: 6032 * Examples * lobos: [l ow b ow z] * lays: [l e z] * allan: [a l a n] * elvis: [ɛ l ʋ i s] * ɫ * Occurrences: 2370 * Examples * small: [s m ɒ ɫ] * able: [b ə ɫ] * adult: [a d ɐ ɫ t] * label: [l e b ɛ ɫ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * other * ʎ * Occurrences: 2887 * Examples * willi: [w ɪ ʎ i] * pliny: [p ʎ i ɲ i] * lind: [ʎ i n d] * lisp: [ʎ i s p] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` `````` ### Vowels Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded. ``````{list-table} :header-rows: 1 :stub-columns: 1 :class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered * - - Front - Near-Front - Central - Near-Back - Back * - Close - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * i * Occurrences: 9754 * Examples * lacey: [l eː s i] * ernie: [ɝ ɲ i] * icy: [aj s i] * she: [ʃ i] * iː * Occurrences: 2195 * Examples * neo: [ɲ iː əw] * seek: [s iː k] * suite: [s ʋ iː ʈ] * hemel: [ç iː m ə l] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʉ * Occurrences: 418 * Examples * proof: [p ɹ ʉ f] * jewel: [dʒ ʉ ə ɫ] * gules: [ɡ ʉ ɫ z] * plume: [p l ʉ m] * ʉː * Occurrences: 1065 * Examples * liu: [ʎ i ʉː] * shui: [ʃ ʉː i] * situ: [s ɪ ʈ ʉː] * poole: [p ʉː l] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * u * Occurrences: 358 * Examples * broom: [b ɹ u m] * hutu: [h u tʰ uː] * jason: [dʒ e s u n] * mason: [m e s u n] * uː * Occurrences: 630 * Examples * roost: [ɹ uː s t] * fruit: [f ɹ uː] * uni: [j uː ɲ iː] * loot: [l uː t] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɪ * Occurrences: 10310 * Examples * poems: [p oː ɪ m z] * renee: [ɹ ɪ ɲ eː] * tim: [ʈ ɪ m] * fiske: [fʲ ɪ s k] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ʊ * Occurrences: 854 * Examples * fully: [f ʊ ʎ i] * crook: [k ɹ ʊ k] * murad: [m ʊ ɹ ɑ d] * puna: [p ʊ n ɑː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Close-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * e * Occurrences: 1753 * Examples * spade: [s p e d] * yale: [j e ɹ] * quake: [kʷ e k] * mane: [m e n] * ej * Occurrences: 718 * Examples * dea: [dʲ iː iː ej] * cafes: [cʰ æ f ej z] * cates: [cʰ ej t s] * mau: [ɛ m ej j ʉː] * eː * Occurrences: 1540 * Examples * caves: [c eː ʋ s] * tape: [ʈ eː p] * che: [ʃ eː] * pekin: [p eː c ɪ n] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * o * Occurrences: 206 * Examples * idaho: [aj d a h o] * amino: [a mʲ iː n o] * odo: [ɔ d o] * samoa: [s a m o a] * ow * Occurrences: 307 * Examples * julio: [ç ʉː ʎ i ow] * hosea: [h ow z ej ə] * caddo: [cʰ æ d ow] * ufo: [j ʉ ɛ f ow] * oː * Occurrences: 681 * Examples * cody: [k oː ɖ i] * polo: [p oː ɹ oː] * tempo: [ʈ ɛ m p oː] * carlo: [k ɑː l oː] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ə * Occurrences: 14543 * Examples * dora: [d ɒː ɹ ə] * pulse: [p ə l s] * were: [ʋ ə] * yea: [j a ə] * ɚ * Occurrences: 744 * Examples * user: [j ʉ z ɚ] * ruler: [ɹ ʉ ɹ ɚ] * roger: [ɹ ɑ dʒ ɚ] * otter: [ɑ t ɚ] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open-Mid - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɛ * Occurrences: 7688 * Examples * repel: [ɹ ɪ p ɛ l] * rouen: [ɹ ʉ ɛ n] * petty: [p ɛ ʈʲ i] * sided: [s aj d ɛ d] * ɛː * Occurrences: 168 * Examples * care: [c ɛː] * ears: [ɛː z] * piero: [p ɪ ɛː ɹ oː] * aire: [ɛː] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɜ * Occurrences: 37 * Examples * turku: [ʈ ɜ k ʉː] * blur: [b l ɜ] * turvy: [ʈ ɜ ʋ i] * ɜː * Occurrences: 477 * Examples * per: [p ɜː] * terms: [ʈ ɜː m s] * pearl: [p ɜː l] * term: [ʈ ɜː m] * ɝ * Occurrences: 290 * Examples * ursus: [ɝ s ə s] * burt: [b ɝ t] * serbs: [s ɝ b z] * ernst: [ɝ n s t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * rounded * ɔ * Occurrences: 1828 * Examples * bosom: [b ʊ z ɔ m] * atom: [a t ɔ m] * jacob: [dʒ e k ɔ b] * adopt: [a d ɔ p t] ``` * - - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * æ * Occurrences: 792 * Examples * canis: [cʰ æ ɲ ɪ s] * cram: [c ɹ æ m] * cathy: [cʰ æ θ i] * chand: [tʃ æ n d] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɐ * Occurrences: 2051 * Examples * adult: [a d ɐ ɫ t] * until: [ɐ n tʲ i ɹ] * crust: [k ɹ ɐ s t] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` * - Open - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * a * Occurrences: 9042 * Examples * slats: [s l a t s] * aloud: [a l aw d] * fiat: [f aj a t] * nang: [n a ŋ] * aː * Occurrences: 527 * Examples * merv: [m aː v] * serf: [s aː f] * bert: [b aː t] * nerd: [n aː d] ``` - ```{ipa_cell} ``` - ```{ipa_cell} * unrounded * ɑ * Occurrences: 1877 * Examples * lott: [l ɑ t] * hahn: [h ɑ n] * rohan: [ɹ əw h ɑ n] * jon: [dʒ ɑ n] * ɑː * Occurrences: 832 * Examples * kami: [k ɑː mʲ i] * card: [k ɑː ɖ] * parc: [p ɑː k] * ari: [ɑː ɹ i] * rounded * ɒ * Occurrences: 3222 * Examples * wanda: [ʋ ɒ n ɖ ə] * molde: [m ɒ ɫ d] * wolof: [ʋ ɒ l ɒ f] * raw: [ɹ ɒ] * ɒː * Occurrences: 1097 * Examples * wall: [ʋ ɒː ɹ] * paul: [p ɒː ɹ] * draws: [d ɹ ɒː s] * flaws: [f l ɒː z] ``` `````` #### Diphthongs * {ipa_inline}`aj` * {ipa_inline}`aw` * {ipa_inline}`ej` * {ipa_inline}`ow` * {ipa_inline}`ɔj` * {ipa_inline}`əw`